Research shows: This is how Hiddensee's dune heath survives the drought!

Research shows: This is how Hiddensee's dune heath survives the drought!

The dune heath on the picturesque island of Hiddensee is the focus of the latest scientific studies on the consequences of drought. Researchers at the University of Greifswald are analyzing the effects of drought periods as part of a global drought experiment. How Time online reported, the results show that well-maintained heath areas that are grazed by sheep and goats can deal with drought significantly better. This is done with the aim of stopping the aging of the heath and promoting new plant germination.

A central result of the study is the finding that not only the intensity of a single dry year is crucial for plants, but above all the frequency and repetition of such dry periods. Research shows that the vitality of plants is significantly reduced by repeated periods of drought. This is particularly true for the older, uncultivated heathland, which is more sensitive to drought compared to the younger, regularly maintained area.

An innovative drought experiment

In order to closely observe these effects, the scientists simulated extreme dry conditions using special roof structures that kept precipitation away from the heathland. This methodology was documented in an international study recently published in the journal Science. The drought periods were examined at a total of 100 research locations worldwide uni-bayreuth.de describes. Rainfall was reduced by up to 50 percent in various ecosystems, including in less managed green spaces in Germany.

The results of these studies are alarming. A year of drought can reduce plant growth by more than 80 percent, which also reduces the ability of ecosystems to absorb carbon dioxide. While no significant effects on biomass production have yet been observed in numerous locations, including species-rich meadows in Germany, the risk is significantly higher in drier climate zones.

Nature's patience game

Species-rich grass areas are particularly affected by the changes in dry periods, with an average of 36 percent less vegetation. This is well above previous estimates and underlines the urgency of the issue. In Germany, however, the relatively wetter climate combined with higher biodiversity ensures better survival rates during drought. Nevertheless, science shows that “plating” should be carried out on a small area, rather than a large area, in order to create the best growing conditions for heather. Because drought after pestering could seriously disrupt regeneration from seeds.

Conclusion and outlook

The current research sheds light on the challenges that we face due to climate change in northern Germany. Strategies and adaptations for conservation measures have been developed to meet the challenges of the future. Nature conservation will increasingly have to be based on the findings of climate research in order to preserve and protect German ecosystems, such as the dune heath on Hiddensee.

The urgency of the issue is reflected not only in the scientific results, but also in our daily interactions with nature. Let us be inspired and commit ourselves to the sustainable care of our living space.